American History - 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American History - 11 - Essay Example Served as the secretary of the capital of Alabama chapter of the NAACP. On 1st December, 1955, Parks, seated in the black section at the back of the bus, ref put ond to give up her seat to a white person Arrested by the police and fined for violating the segregation law. Volunteered to let the NAACP use her as a test case to oppose segregation on buses. Was immediately sacked from her tailoring job with Montgomery Fair. Became the symbol of the successful Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Civil Rights Movement. Founded theRosa and Raymond Parks Institute for Self-Development in 1987. Died on 24th October, 2005. 2. ____Martin Luther King, Jr.______ Baptist minister, preeminent civil-rights activist and orator par excellence. Born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. Married Coretta Scott in June 1953 and had four children, Yolanda, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott, and Bernice. Elected to lead the successful Montgomery bus boycott in December 1955. Co-founded the grey Christian Leadership Conference in January 1957 Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi, led several non-violent protests to promote civil rights reform. Led the 1960 sit-in movement in Greensboro and the1963 certainty in downtown Birmingham. Led the historic March on Washington on August 28, 1963, which drew more than 200,000 people to the Lincoln Memorial and make his famous I Have a Dream speech. Instrumental in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Received the Nobel Peace see for 1964. Assassinated byJames Earl Ray in Memphis on April 4, 1968 3. ____Malcolm X_____ Civil Rights Activist,nationalist leader and charismatic spokesman for the Nation of Islam Born Malcolm Little in whitethorn 19, 1925 in Omaha, Nebraska. Fathers civil rights activism led to his harassment and murder by white supremacists. Dropped out of indoctrinate at 15 and turned to discourtesy and drugs to finance his extravagant life style Arrested on charges of larceny and sentenced to ten years in jail in 1946 Converted to the Nation of Islam and changed his surname to X a tribute to the unknown name of his African ancestors. Urged any means, including violence, to fight racism and establish an independent state for black Americans Married Betty Sanders, a fellow penis of the Nation of Islam, in 1958. Broke away from the Nation of Islam in 1964, converted to traditional Islam, changed name to El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz and considered prospects for peaceful resolution to racism. Assassinated on February 21, 1965, in Manhattan, at the age of 39,by members of the Nation of Islam. 4. __The Fair Deal________ Name given to Trumans domestic program set out in his 1949 State of the Union speech. Proposed national initiatives to solve economic and social problems in post-war America. Envisaged the redistribution of income among all classes. New civil rights legislation national housing programs Unemployme nt insurance benefits New tax cuts for the poor Federal funding for education A federal health care and health insurance program. Failed as it was blocked by the conservative political coalition 5. ___ brownish vs Board of Education of Topeka ____ Acknowledged to be one of the greatest US Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century. Plessy v. Ferguson(1896) legalized separate but equal school systems for blacks and whites.